Purdue University reported nine grain dust explosions in the US in 2024, resulting in two injuries and no fatalities. The figures align with 2023, which also saw nine explosions, 12 injuries, and no fatalities, matching the 10-year national average of 8.6 explosions annually.
The explosions occurred in Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Nebraska, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Wisconsin. The incidents involved feed mills, grain elevators, an ethanol plant, and a corn processing plant. Common ignition sources included smoldering grain, equipment malfunctions, welding, and cutting work.
Grain dust, the primary fuel for explosions, was responsible for six of the incidents. Smoldering grain and feed were also identified as contributing factors. Purdue’s Kingsly Ambrose noted that while injuries were few, the damage to facilities in terms of repair costs and downtime is significant.
To prevent future explosions, Ambrose emphasised the importance of maintaining equipment and ensuring proper grain storage conditions. He also highlighted the need for good housekeeping practices to minimise dust accumulation in facilities.
Purdue is researching a technique to detect unsafe levels of grain dust in the air using a camera to measure light passing through dust particles. This research aims to provide real-time data to prevent potentially explosive environments.
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has outlined steps to reduce explosion risks, including implementing written housekeeping programs, regular equipment inspections, and controlling hot work activities. Awareness and training are also key components of preventing dust-related incidents.
